What is Equalizer? Function, Classification & Connection

Equalizer (EQ) is a device or software used to adjust audio frequency ranges, with the function of balancing and optimizing sound quality in the system. With an important role, EQ helps balance frequencies from bass (low), mid (middle) to treble (high), enhance sound quality, eliminate distortion, and customize according to personal preferences.

EQ is divided into many types with different characteristics and applications. Fixed Equalizer has a fixed frequency range, is easy to use, suitable for home audio systems. Graphic Equalizer has an intuitive interface with sliders, often used for stage and karaoke. Parametric Equalizer allows detailed adjustment of frequency, bandwidth and intensity, popular in studios. Other types include Shelving Equalizer, Dynamic Equalizer and Notch Filter, each of which meets different audio needs.

To connect an Equalizer effectively, it is necessary to determine the appropriate location in the system (usually between the sound source and the amplifier), use good quality connecting cables, and follow the correct 4-step process: prepare the cables, connect to the mixer, connect to the amplifier, and test the signal. Correct connection not only improves the sound quality but also helps prevent feedback and ensures the stability of the entire system.

See details about the functions, classification and how to connect Equalizer through the article below!

What is Equalizer?

Equalizer (EQ) is a device or software used to adjust the audio frequency ranges in an audio signal. The word “Equalizer” in English means “balance”, and in the audio field, it is understood as a tool to help balance or change the sound quality by increasing or decreasing the intensity of specific frequency ranges.

Why is Equalizer important in sound system?

• Optimize sound for each space: Every space has different acoustic characteristics, and the Equalizer helps adjust the sound to suit that environment. For example, in a small room, reducing the bass can help avoid echoes.
• Improve your listening experience: Equalizer helps the sound become clearer and more detailed, thereby enhancing the experience of listening to music, watching movies or singing karaoke.
• Diverse applications: Equalizers are used in many fields, from home audio systems, recording studios, performance stages to personal devices such as phones and computers.

What is the function of equalizer in sound system?

Equalizer (EQ) has the function of adjusting and balancing audio frequency bands in the sound system, helping to improve sound quality and optimize the listening experience. 

Sound balance

Equalizer helps balance the frequency ranges in the sound, from low (bass), mid (mid) to high (treble). This ensures that no frequency range is overwhelmed or lacking, resulting in a more harmonious and pleasant sound for the listener.

Real-world example: During a live performance, if the bass is too strong and causes buzzing, the sound engineer can reduce the intensity in the low frequency range (20Hz – 250Hz) to balance the sound.

Enhance sound quality

Equalizers allow users to highlight important frequency ranges, making the sound more dynamic and detailed. For example, boost the bass for dance music or boost the treble for classical music to highlight the instruments.

Application: In home karaoke systems, Equalizer can be used to boost midrange to make vocals clearer.

Eliminate noise and distortion

Equalizers can reduce or eliminate unwanted frequencies, such as subwoofer hum or microphone hiss. This makes the sound clearer and easier to listen to. 

For example, when playing music in a large space, an Equalizer can be used to reduce feedback frequencies from the speaker system.

Customize sound to personal taste

Users can adjust the Equalizer to suit their favorite music listening style. For example, increase the bass for EDM music or reduce the treble for light music. This provides a more personalized and enjoyable listening experience.

What types of Equalizers are there?

Equalizer (EQ) is divided into 6 common types below:

1. Fixed Equalizer (Fixed Equalizer)

Fixed Equalizer is the simplest type of Equalizer, with fixed frequency bands and only a few basic adjustment knobs. The user cannot change the center frequency or bandwidth, but can only increase or decrease the intensity of the preset frequency bands.

Characteristics:

• The center frequency and bandwidth cannot be changed.
• Easy to use, suitable for beginners.

Application: Often integrated in home audio devices or simple audio systems.

2. Graphic Equalizer (Graphic Equalizer)

Graphic Equalizers are the most popular type of Equalizer, with an intuitive interface consisting of sliders representing specific frequency bands. Users can adjust each slider to increase or decrease the intensity of each frequency band.

Characteristics:

• There are from 5 to 31 frequency bands, each band is independently adjustable.
• The graphical interface makes it easy for users to visualize and adjust the sound.

Application: Often used in stage sound systems, recording studios, or professional karaoke systems.

3. Parametric Equalizer (Parametric Equalizer)

Parametric Equalizer is the most flexible type of Equalizer, allowing users to fine-tune parameters such as center frequency, bandwidth, and boost/cut.

Characteristics:

• The user can select the center frequency to adjust.
• Adjust the bandwidth (Q factor) to control the frequency range.
• Increase or decrease the gain of each frequency band.

Application: Often used in recording studios or professional sound systems where precise sound adjustment is required.

4. Shelving Equalizer (Equalizer Shelving)

Shelving Equalizer adjusts all frequencies above or below a certain threshold, often used to boost bass or treble.

Characteristics:

• There are two main types: Low-shelf (low frequency adjustment) and High-shelf (high frequency adjustment).
• Increase or decrease all frequencies below or above a specific threshold.

Application: Often used in simple audio systems or for quick adjustment of large frequency ranges.

5. Dynamic Equalizer (Dynamic Equalizer)

Dynamic Equalizer is a modern type of Equalizer that changes the gain/loss of frequency bands based on the input sound intensity.

Characteristics:

• Combining Equalizer and Compressor, automatically adjusts sound in real time.
• Only affects frequencies above the set intensity threshold.

Application: Often used in modern audio systems to process complex audio.

6. Notch Filter

Notch Filter is a special type of Equalizer, designed to completely cut a very narrow range of frequencies, often used to remove frequencies that cause noise or feedback.

Characteristics:

• The center frequency is very narrow, usually only a few Hz.
• Does not affect other frequency bands.

Application: Often used in live performances to eliminate feedback from microphones.

Comparison table of Equalizer types:

Equalizer Type	Main Features	Application
Fixed Equalizer	Fixed frequency, easy to use	Home audio system
Graphic equalizer	Intuitive interface, multiple frequency bands	Stage, studio, karaoke
Parametric Equalizer	Detailed and flexible adjustment	Recording studio, professional sound
Shelving Equalizer	Adjust all frequencies above/below threshold	Simple sound system
Dynamic Equalizer	Automatically adjusts in real time	Modern sound system
NotchFilter	Narrow frequency cut, eliminate noise	Live performance

How to connect Equalizer most effectively?

Below are detailed instructions on how to connect the Equalizer most effectively.

1. Determine the Equalizer connection location in the system

Equalizers are usually placed between the audio source (such as a mixer or player) and the amplifier. This allows the Equalizer to process the audio signal before it is amplified and sent to the speakers.

Most popular way to fight: Mixer Out → Equalizer In → Equalizer Out → Amplifier In.

In this connection, the signal from the mixer will be sent to the Equalizer for processing, then transmitted to the amplifier for amplification and output to the speaker.

Important note: If you use multiple devices in your system (such as crossovers or compressors), make sure to connect the Equalizers in the correct order to avoid signal conflicts.

2. Equalizer connection steps

The Equalizer connection process consists of 4 basic steps:

Step 1: Prepare the connection cable

Use appropriate signal cables, such as XLR, RCA, or TRS, depending on the connection ports of the Equalizer and other devices. Make sure the cable is of good quality to avoid signal interference.

Step 2: Connect Equalizer To Mixer

Connect the mixer's Output port to the Equalizer's Input port. If the mixer has multiple output ports (such as Main Out or Aux Out), choose the port that best suits your intended use.

Step 3: Connect Equalizer to Amplifier

Connect the Output port of the Equalizer to the Input port of the amplifier. Make sure to connect firmly and to the correct port to avoid signal loss.

Step 4: Check the signal

Once connected, turn on the system and test the audio signal. Make sure the signal is not distorted or unbalanced between channels.

3. Notes when connecting Equalizer

4 important notes when connecting Equalizer:

• Avoid incorrect connection order: Incorrect connections can cause distortion or damage to the equipment. For example, if you connect the Equalizer after the amplifier, the amplified signal will be too strong and may damage the Equalizer.
• Check input and output signals: Make sure the input signal of the Equalizer is not too strong (clipping) to avoid reducing the sound quality. Use audio measuring devices, such as VU meter or spectrum analyzer, to check the signal.
• Use Bypass mode when necessary: Bypass mode allows the signal to pass through the Equalizer without being processed. This is useful when you want to compare the sound before and after adjusting the Equalizer.
• Correct channel connection (Stereo/Mono): If your system is stereo, make sure to connect both channels (left and right) to the Equalizer. In case of a mono system, only one channel needs to be connected.

4. Connect Equalizer to prevent howling (Feedback)

Equalizers can be used to reduce feedback in sound systems. This is especially important in live performances or karaoke systems.

How to connect effectively against howling: Mixer Out → Equalizer In → Equalizer Out → Amplifier In.

Use the Equalizer to reduce the frequencies that cause feedback, usually between 1kHz and 4kHz.

Adjust each frequency band on the Equalizer to find and reduce feedback frequencies without affecting the overall sound quality.

5. Some other connection methods

In addition to the basic connection method, you can apply the following 2 other connection methods depending on your sound system:

• Connect to Crossover: If you use a crossover to divide the signal for the speakers (subwoofer, mid, treble), place the Equalizer before the crossover to process the overall signal.
• Connect to Compressor: In case of using compressor, Equalizer is usually placed before compressor to process signal before compression.

Properly connecting the Equalizer not only improves the sound quality but also ensures the stability and efficiency of the entire system. Always double-check the connections and adjust the Equalizer to suit the space and purpose. If you are just starting out, experiment with basic connections before applying more complex configurations.

Frequently Asked Questions.

Does Equalizer Really Improve Sound Quality?

Yes, Equalizer helps optimize sound by adjusting frequency ranges, thereby providing a better listening experience.

Can I use Equalizer at home?

Absolutely. Many household appliances like Bluetooth speaker or headphones have an integrated Equalizer for users to customize the sound according to their preferences.

Is Equalizer difficult to use?

No, but it is important to understand the frequency ranges and how they affect sound in order to make effective adjustments.

How do I choose the right Equalizer for my needs?

Choosing an Equalizer depends on what you intend to use it for, be it home listening, studio use, or live performance. Factors such as the number of bands, the type of Equalizer (graphic, parametric, digital), and budget should also be considered.

Does equalizer affect speaker durability?

Yes, improper Equalizer adjustment (e.g. over-boosting bass or treble frequencies) can cause distortion or damage to the speaker cone, especially if the speaker is not designed to withstand high sound levels in those frequency ranges.

What is the difference between Graphic Equalizer and Parametric Equalizer?

Graphic Equalizers adjust fixed frequency bands with sliders, while Parametric Equalizers allow more flexible adjustments, such as changing the center frequency, bandwidth (Q factor), and gain for each frequency band.

Do I need an Equalizer if I already have a built-in amplifier?

Not necessarily, but if you want to fine-tune your sound in more detail than the options available in your amp, using a separate Equalizer will provide more customization and improve sound quality.

How does an Equalizer affect the quality of bass frequencies?

Equalizers can boost or reduce bass by adjusting low frequency ranges (usually 20Hz – 250Hz). However, careful adjustment is needed to avoid “boomy” (overpowering and uncontrolled bass) or imbalance with other frequency ranges.

Where to buy genuine Equalizer at good price in HCM?

If you are looking for a reputable address to buy genuine Equalizer at the best price in Ho Chi Minh City, Phuc Truong Audio is the top choice for you. With many years of experience in the field of providing professional audio equipment, we are committed to bringing customers high quality products, meeting all needs from family to studio and performance stage.

Why should you buy Equalizer at Phuc Truong Audio?

• 100% genuine product: All Equalizer products at the store are genuine, with full certificates of origin (CO/CQ). We distribute famous Equalizer brands such as: behringer, Yamaha , DBX, Soundcraft, Allen & Heath,… ensure superior sound quality and high durability.
• Competitive price: Phuc Truong Audio commits to always having the most competitive prices on the market. In addition, we regularly launch promotions, discounts or support 0% interest installment payments to help customers easily own the desired equipment.
• Professional consulting service: The staff at Phuc Truong Audio has extensive knowledge of sound, always ready to advise you to choose the type of Equalizer that best suits your needs. We support customers from choosing equipment to user manual, ensuring you get the most out of your sound performance.
• Outstanding warranty and after-sales policy: When purchasing an Equalizer at Phuc Truong Audio, you will enjoy a genuine warranty policy from 12 to 36 months (depending on the product). In addition, we also have on-site maintenance and repair services, giving you complete peace of mind during use.

In addition to Equalizer, Phuc Truong Audio also provides many audio devices such as: loa, amplifier, digital echo, types sound system suitable for many needs (family, cafe, restaurant, hall, stage...), karaoke system...

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