What Is Audio Crossover? Applications, Types & Top Brands

An audio crossover is an important electronic device or circuit in an audio system that divides the audio signal into separate frequency bands and directs them to the respective speakers. 

Crossovers are widely used from home audio systems to professional systems and car audio. This device divides the signal to the subwoofer to handle the bass, the midrange speaker to handle the middle range and the tweeter to handle the high range. This helps to increase the performance of the system, reduce distortion and create a more balanced, detailed sound.

According to a comprehensive study by the Audio Engineering Society in 2019, a properly implemented crossover network in a professional audio system can achieve a frequency response fluctuation of less than ±3 dB across the entire audible frequency range (20 Hz – 20 kHz), significantly improving the clarity and definition of the sound.

There are three main types of crossovers: passive (no power supply required, low cost), active (power supply required, higher performance) and digital (using DSP, allowing for precise tuning). Choosing the right crossover depends on the specific application, with passive crossovers being common in home systems and active and digital crossovers typically used in professional systems.

DBX, Behringer, Yamaha, Electro-Voice, Peavey, Ashly Audio and Crown are some of the top brands offering high quality audio crossovers on the market. Each brand has its own characteristics and advantages to suit different needs from home to professional use.

Join Phuc Truong Audio to learn about crossovers in general, applications in sound systems, and popular crossover brands on the market today!

What is Audio Crossover?

An audio crossover is an electronic device or circuit used in an audio system to divide an audio signal into separate frequency bands, and then send those frequency bands to the appropriate speakers. 

The purpose of a crossover is to ensure that each speaker in the system only handles the frequency range it is designed to reproduce, thereby improving the sound quality and overall performance of the system.

What is the Application of Crossover in Sound System?

Crossover is an indispensable component in sound systems, from home systems to professional systems. It helps divide audio signals effectively, optimize speaker performance and bring the best sound experience to listeners.

Diverse applications in various types of sound systems

Crossovers are widely used in home and professional audio systems and car audio systems:

• Home audio system: In systems such as home cinema, crossovers split the signal so that the subwoofer handles the bass, while the other speakers handle the mids and highs, providing a more immersive audio experience.
• Professional sound system: In live or stage performances, crossovers are used to distribute signals accurately to large speakers (PA system), ensuring powerful and clear sound.
• Car audio: Crossover helps divide the signal so that the subwoofer, midrange speaker and tweeter in the car work effectively, providing a better music listening experience.

Divide audio signals by frequency band

Crossovers are used to divide the audio signal into different frequency bands (low, mid, and high frequencies), and then send them to the appropriate speakers:

• Subwoofer: Handles low frequencies (bass).
• Midrange: Handles mid frequencies.
• Tweeter: Handles high frequencies.

For example, in a 5.1 sound system, the crossover separates the very low frequency signal to send to the subwoofer, while the remaining frequencies are sent to the other speakers in the system.

Increase efficiency and sound quality

Crossovers allow each speaker to handle only the frequency range it is designed to reproduce, thereby:

• Reduce distortion: Avoid forcing the speaker to handle frequencies beyond its capabilities.
• Increasing productivity: Optimize speaker and amplifier power.
• Clearer sound: Ensures that frequency bands do not overlap, making the sound more balanced and detailed.

Built-in multi-way speaker

In multi-way speakers, a crossover is built in to divide the signal for each driver inside. For example:

• 2-way speaker: Splits signal between woofer (low range) and tweeter (high range).
• 3-way speaker: Splits signal to woofer, midrange and tweeter.

Applications in Digital Crossover

Digital crossovers use DSP (Digital Signal Processing) technology to precisely adjust parameters such as:

• Frequency cutoff point.
• Slope.
• Time alignment.

This is especially useful in modern audio systems where flexibility and precision are required.

How to connect a Crossover device to a sound system

Connecting the crossover to the sound system requires the correct order: Signal source → Crossover → Amplifier → Speaker, and adjusting the appropriate parameters to achieve the best sound quality.

Step 1: Connect the signal source to the Crossover

Use a signal cable (XLR or RCA) to connect the signal source (mixer or player) to the input of the crossover. Make sure the connection is correct and secure.

Step 2: Connect the output signal from the Crossover to the Amplifier

The crossover will have output ports corresponding to the frequency bands:

• Low (bass): Connect to the amplifier for the subwoofer.
• Mid (midrange): Connect to the amplifier for midrange speakers.
• High (high pitch): Connect to the amplifier for the tweeter.

Use signal wires to connect these ports to the corresponding amplifiers.

Step 3: Connect Amplifier to Speaker

From each amplifier, connect speaker wire to the corresponding speakers:

• The Low signal processing amplifier will connect to the subwoofer.
• The Mid signal processing amplifier will connect to the midrange speaker.
• The High signal processing amplifier will connect to the tweeter.

Step 4: Crossover Alignment

After connecting, you need to adjust the parameters on the crossover:

• Crossover Frequency: Determines the frequency range each speaker will handle.
• Gain: Adjust the volume level for each frequency band.
• Slope: Adjusts the amount of signal attenuation between frequency bands.

Note when connecting crossover

4 important notes when connecting crossovers 

• Double check the connections: Make sure the signal wire and speaker wire are connected to the correct port and are secure.
• Guaranteed compatibility: Check the power and impedance of speakers, amplifiers and crossovers to avoid equipment damage.
• Set the correct frequency cutoff point: For example:
  • Subwoofer: Below 200 Hz.
  • Midrange speaker: 200 Hz – 2.000 Hz.
  • Tweeter: Above 2.000 Hz.
• Turn off power before connecting: To avoid damage to the device or risk of electric shock.

What Types of Audio Crossovers Are There?

Audio crossovers come in three main types: passive, active, and digital. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, and is suited to different needs. If you need a simple system, a passive crossover is a good choice. Meanwhile, active and digital crossovers are better suited to professional or high-end audio systems.

1. Passive Crossover

A passive crossover is one that does not require a power source to operate. It is usually built into the speaker or used externally between the amplifier and the speaker. It uses components such as capacitors, inductors, and resistors to divide the audio signal into different frequency bands.

• Advantages: Simple, easy to use, no power required, low cost.
• Disadvantages: Not as efficient as active crossovers, may cause signal loss due to the use of passive components.
• Application: Popular in home audio systems or integrated speakers where complex adjustments are not required.

2. Active Crossover

An active crossover is a standalone device that requires a power source to operate. It is placed between the signal source (such as a mixer or player) and the amplifier, dividing the audio signals before they are amplified.

• Advantages: High performance, more precise signal division, flexible adjustment of parameters such as frequency cutoff point, signal magnitude (gain), and slope.
• Disadvantages: More complicated to install and use, higher cost than passive crossover.
• Application: Often used in professional sound systems, stages, or large sound systems where high precision and performance are required.

3. Digital Crossover

Digital crossovers are the most modern type, using digital signal processing (DSP) technology. It allows detailed adjustment of parameters via software or control interface.

• Advantages: High precision, flexible customization of parameters such as frequency crossover, decay slope, and time alignment. In addition, it also integrates advanced features such as audio equalization (EQ), signal limiting, and speaker overload protection.
• Disadvantages: High cost, requires users to have technical knowledge to install and operate.
• Application: Suitable for modern, professional sound systems, or high-end sound systems where flexibility and optimal performance are required.

Crossover Comparison Table

Crossover Type	Electricity supply	Accuracy	Application
Passive	No.	Medium	Home system, built-in speakers
Be proactive	Have	High	Professional system, stage
Number	Have	Very high	Modern, high-end system

Top Brands That Provide Good Sounding Crossovers

Brands like DBX, Behringer, Yamaha, Electro-Voice, Peavey, Ashly Audio, and Crown are all prominent names in the field of providing high-quality audio crossovers. Depending on your needs (home, professional, or stage), you can choose the right brand to ensure the best sound performance.

1. DBX

DBX is a well-known brand in the field of professional audio equipment, especially active crossover products and digital signal processors (DSP). DBX is known for its high durability, precise signal processing and easy customization.

Outstanding characteristics: 

• Crossover lines such as DBX 223XS, DBX 234XS are widely used in stage and hall sound systems.
• Integrates many features such as frequency cutoff and decay slope adjustment.

Application: Suitable for professional sound systems, stages, and large events.

2. Behringer

Behringer is a well-known audio brand known for its affordable yet quality products. Behringer's crossovers are designed to meet the needs of both casual and professional users.

Outstanding characteristics:

• The Behringer Super-X Pro CX2310 and CX3400 series are highly regarded for their performance and versatility.
• Supports precise signal splitting with easy adjustment.

Application: Suitable for home audio systems, small studios, and small to medium events.

3.Yamaha

Yamaha is a long-standing audio brand, famous for its high-quality audio equipment. Yamaha crossover products are often integrated into large audio systems, providing stable performance and realistic sound.

Outstanding characteristics:

• Integrates advanced signal processing technology.
• High durability, suitable for continuously operating sound systems.

Application: Suitable for sound systems in halls, churches, and professional events.

4. Electro-Voice (EV)

Electro-Voice is a well-known brand in the field of professional audio, especially loudspeakers and crossovers. EV products are designed to deliver high performance and clear sound.

Outstanding characteristics:

• EV crossovers are often integrated into professional speaker systems.
• Powerful signal processing capabilities, suitable for large sound systems.

Application: Often used in live performances, theater, and conferences.

5. Peavey

Peavey is a well-known American audio brand that specializes in providing professional audio equipment, including crossovers. Peavey products are highly regarded for their durability and performance.

Outstanding characteristics:

• The Peavey PV 23XO and PV 35XO crossovers are designed to meet the demands of large sound systems.
• Integrated flexible adjustment features, suitable for many types of speakers.

Application: Suitable for stage, hall, and large event sound systems.

6. Ashly Audio

Ashly Audio is a brand that specializes in providing high-end audio signal processing equipment, including digital crossovers. Ashly products are designed to deliver optimal performance and flexible customization.

Outstanding characteristics:

• Integrated advanced DSP technology.
• Supports detailed adjustment of parameters such as frequency cutoff, decay slope, and time delay.

Application: Suitable for professional sound systems, theaters, and high-end events.

7. Crown

Crown is a brand known for its high quality amplifiers and crossovers. Crown products are designed to deliver consistent performance and faithful sound.

Outstanding characteristics:

• Integrates advanced signal processing technology.
• High durability, suitable for continuously operating sound systems.

Application: Suitable for sound systems in halls, churches, and professional events.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. How does a crossover work in a multi-channel audio system (7.1 or 9.1)?

A crossover in a multi-channel audio system divides the audio signal into separate frequency ranges, which are then sent to the appropriate speakers. For example, in a 7.1 system, the subwoofer handles frequencies below 120 Hz, the center speaker handles frequencies from 120 Hz to 2.000 Hz, and the satellite speakers handle frequencies above 2.000 Hz.

2. What is Crossover Frequency and how to determine it?

The crossover point is the frequency at which the audio signal is divided into frequency bands. For example:

• Subwooferr: Below 200 Hz.
• Midrange speaker: 200 Hz – 2.000 Hz.
• tweeter: Above 2.000 Hz.

The crossover frequency point is determined based on the speaker specifications and audio requirements.

3. What is the slope in crossover?

Attenuation slope is the rate at which the signal decreases at frequencies outside the cutoff band, measured in dB/octave. Common levels:

• 6 dB/octave: Slight signal attenuation.
• 12 dB/octave: Average signal reduction.
• 24 dB/octave: Strong signal attenuation, often used in professional systems.

4. How to choose the right crossover for your sound system?

3 selection criteria:

• Speaker Type: 2-way speakers need 2-channel crossover, 3-way speakers need 3-channel crossover.
• Wattage: Make sure the crossover power is compatible with the amplifier and speakers.
• Application: Home systems should choose passive crossovers, while theater systems need active or digital crossovers.

5. What are common mistakes when using crossovers?

3 common crossover mistakes

• Incorrect frequency cutoff point: Causes distortion or imbalance of sound.
• Wrong port connection: This results in the signal not being divided properly.
• Incompatible power: Damage to speakers or amplifier.

6. Can multiple crossovers be used in the same system?

Yes, especially in larger systems. For example, a digital crossover might handle the main signal, while a passive crossover built into the speaker splits the signal more finely.

7. How to maintain and clean the crossover to ensure performance?

3 things to do to keep your crossover in good working order:

• Check connection periodically: Make sure the signal wire is not loose.
• Clean the connection port: Use specialized cleaning solution.
• Firmware update (with digital crossover): Ensure stable operation of the device.

8. Which address provides genuine, reputable crossovers in HCM?

Phuc Truong Audio is a reputable address in Ho Chi Minh City specializing in providing genuine audio equipment, including crossovers from famous brands such as DBX, Behringer, Yamaha, and many others. This is the top choice for those looking for high-quality products and professional services.

Advantages of Phuc Truong Audio:

• Genuine products, diverse: Phuc Truong Audio is committed to providing genuine audio equipment, ensuring high quality and durability. Products are imported directly from reputable brands, suitable for many needs from family to professional.
• Experienced team of technicians: With over 10 years of experience in the industry, the team of technicians at Phuc Truong Audio is always ready to support customers from consulting, installation to equipment maintenance.
• Latest technology updates: Phuc Truong Audio is always at the forefront of updating modern audio equipment and technology, meeting the trend of 4.0 technology.
• Good after-sales policyCustomers enjoy genuine warranty policies, flexible returns and dedicated technical support.
• Diverse and professional services: In addition to providing crossovers, Phuc Truong Audio also provides other services such as:
  • Provide a variety of audio equipment: Providing audio equipment such as: amplifier, microphone, karaoke speakers, karaoke head, mix, digital echo...
  • Sound system design consulting: Get advice, design and installation restaurant sound system, coffee shop sound, auditorium sound system, business karaoke system, family karaoke system...
  • Audio equipment maintenance and repair: Fast, professional service, helping customers feel secure in long-term use.

With the above advantages, Phuc Truong Audio is a reliable address for you to choose audio equipment, especially crossovers, in Ho Chi Minh City.